This report, developed by EFI, CII, and ILO, in partnership with Avtar, examines gender inequality in India’s construction sector, which contributes 9% to GDP but employs only 7 million women out of 57 million workers. Women remain significantly underrepresented in leadership and technical roles, holding only 1.4% of managerial or specialized positions.

Key barriers include gender stereotypes, limited role models, biased appraisals, inadequate infrastructure (e.g., lack of restrooms on-site), and work-life conflict. Surveys and FGDs with industry professionals and STEM students reveal that women face psychological insecurity, limited support systems, and persistent perceptions of construction as a “male” industry.

Despite these challenges, women show strong interest in pursuing construction careers, driven by personal passion and the desire to break stereotypes. Encouragingly, 90% of male respondents support increased female participation, and many women cite family support and male allyship as critical enablers.

The report emphasizes the importance of inclusive workplace practices, such as flexible policies, mentorship programs, equal pay, and career growth opportunities. It calls for coordinated efforts by government, industry, and academia to create a more inclusive ecosystem that attracts, retains, and advances women in construction.

This study serves as a roadmap to transform the sector through gender equity and inclusive growth.